Serum response factor (SRF) is a cardiac enriched transcription factor that is required
for the appearance of beating sarcomeres in the heart. It is a transcription factor
that binds the serum response element (SRE), a sequence that mediates the transient
response of many cellular genes to growth stimulation. In addition, SRF may also direct
the expression of microRNAs that inhibit the expression of cardiac regulatory factors.
SRF binding sites are also constitutive promotor elements in many muscle specific
promoters. Two related Ets domain proteins, Elk 1 and SRF accessory protein 1 (SAP 1)
have DNA binding properties identical to that of it. The formation of a ternary complex
containing SRF and its accessory protein appears to be important for signal
transduction. This gene encodes a ubiquitous nuclear protein that stimulates both cell
proliferation and differentiation. It is a member of the MADS (MCM1, Agamous,
Deficiens, and SRF) box superfamily of transcription factors. This protein binds to the
serum response element (SRE) in the promoter region of target genes. This gene is the
downstream target of many pathways; this protein regulates the activity of many
immediate-early genes, for example c-fos, and thereby participates in cell cycle
regulation, apoptosis, cell growth, and cell differentiation.
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